南海西北部陆架区沿岸流和上升流对中华哲水蚤分布的影响

Effects of coastal current and upwelling on the distributions of Calanus sinicus on the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea

中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)是广泛分布于西北太平洋大陆架水域的浮游桡足类,在海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中具有重要作用。根据2006年7月至2007年10月4个季节使用网目孔径为0.505mm的浮游生物网采集的样品,分析了南海西北部陆架区中华哲水蚤的水平、季节和昼夜垂直分布以及与季风、海流和温度的关系。中华哲水蚤丰度季节变化显著,整个调查海域春季的平均达(22.30±77.78)个/m3,夏季的降低,平均为(13.74±45.10)个/m3,秋季消失,冬季调查期间仍未出现。中华哲水蚤的区域分布差异十分显著,将调查海域划分为粤西近海、琼东近海、粤西-琼东外海三个亚区,在粤西近海亚区春、夏季中华哲水蚤的平均丰度分别为(115.63±145.93),(68.12±84.00)个/m3,远高于另外两个亚区。夏季琼东沿岸上升流区的中华哲水蚤没有昼夜垂直移动行为,呈底层分布,以躲避表层高温的伤害。南海西北部陆架区是中华哲水蚤的季节分布区,冬春季东北季风期间由广东沿岸流从东海沿岸携带而来,出现的时间从北往南逐渐推迟;夏季西南季风期间雷州半岛东部近海的冷涡和琼东沿岸上升流区成为中华哲水蚤度夏的避难所;秋季季风转换时期上升流减弱或消失,中华哲水蚤因耐受不了高温(>27℃)死亡而消失。因此,中华哲水蚤对东北季风时期的沿岸流和西南季风时期的上升流均具有良好的指示作用。

Calanus sinicus is a planktonic copepod with wide geographical distribution on the continental shelf of the northwest Pacific. It plays an important role in marine system. Four cruises were conducted from July 2006 to October 2007 in order to understand the seasonal and horizontal variations with the influences of monsoon, ocean current and temperature on its distributions on the northwest continental shelf of the South China Sea. The diel vertical migration （DVM） of C. sinicus was studied at one station located in the southeast of Hainan Island during summer. The results showed that the distribution of C. sinicus abundance varied seasonally and regionally. The mean of C. sinicus abundance was high with 23. 30±77.78 ind./m3 in spring, and decreased to 13.74±45. 10 ind./m3 in summer. It disappeared in autumn and did not enter into the study area during the investigated period in winter. The surveyed area was divided into three sub-regions in order to further analyze the regional difference, including the east inshore waters of Leizhou Peninsula, the east inshore waters of Hainan Island and and the offshore waters from Leizhou Peninsula to Hainan Island. The average abundance of C. sinicus within the inshore waters of Leizhou Peninsula was reached to be 115.63 （±145.93） and 68. 12 （±84. 00） ind/m3 in spring and summer, respectively, which was higher than those of the inshore Hainan Island and the offshore from Leizhou Peninsula to Hainan Island. The behavior of C. sinicus DVM was not found in the upwelling area in summer. C. sinicus seemed to be mostly habited in the bottom layer in order to avoid the damage of high temperature in the surface layer. The study area is the seasonal distribution zone of C. sinicus. Our findings suggested that C. sinicus was transported from the East China Sea to the northwest continental shelf of South China Sea by the Guangdong Coastal Current, which was driven by the northeast monsoon in winter and spring. The presence of a cold eddy, in addition to coastal upwelling driven by the southwest monsoon, provided suitable survival conditions for C. sinicus in summer. This species disappeared in autumn due to high temperatures （〉27 ℃） and did not begin to enter into the northwest continental shelf of South China Sea from the East China Sea during the period of investigation in winter. C. sinicus could be considered as an indicator species for China Coastal Current driven by the northeasterly monsoon, and coastal upwelling by the southwesterly monsoon in the northern South China Sea.