昆曲喜剧的美学追求:一夫不笑是吾忧

On Aesthetic Pursuit of Kunqu Comedy

传统戏曲的大多数剧目属于喜剧,而昆曲的喜剧剧目更多,因为昆曲的剧作家对喜剧有着自觉的追求,"一夫不笑是吾忧"正是他们创作心态的写照。昆曲喜剧的美学特征约有五点:(1)通过对反面的人与事的讥讽、嘲弄来肯定正确的人生观与道德观;(2)人物的愿望与现实有着巨大的落差,将人物置于可笑的境地;(3)人物之间的对话充满谐趣;(4)用夸张的手法表现是非颠倒、黑白混淆的世相;(5)以闹剧的形式表现反面人物的可笑下场。当然,剧场的喜剧效果,主要出自于昆曲演员出色的表演。

Most repertoires of traditional Chinese opera are comedy, and that is even more for kunqu opera. Play- wrights of kunqu opera hold the idea of making each audience happy as their conscious pursuit. There are mainly five aesthetic characteristics of kunqu comedy. 1. Acknowledge the correct outlook on life and morality by mocking negative people and things. 2. There is a huge gap between the desire and reality, and the character is put in a ri- diculous position. 3. The dialogue between the characters is full of humor. 4. A world confusing right and wrong and black and white is revealed with exaggerated performance. 5. The bad guy is ended with a farce. The effect of comedy in theater is mainly presented by the outstanding performance of kunqu actors.