银川市2008—2011年城市饮用水监测结果分析

Results and Analysis of Drinking Water Quality Monitoring in Yinchuan, 2008-2011

[目的]为进一步加强银川市城市饮用水监测工作,逐步建立健全城市饮用水卫生监测网络,给保障城市饮用水卫生安全提供科学依据。[方法]根据相关监测要求,于2008—2011年对银川市城市饮用水进行水质监测,收集、整理银川市2008—2011年城市饮用水卫生监督网络试点水质检验结果,并进行统计分析。[结果]2008—2011年四年共采集水样1222份,合格水样691份,各年度合格率分别为44.74%、51.85%、58.96%、67.78%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=819.643,P<0.01)。银川市不同类型(水厂出厂水、水厂管网末梢水、二次供水、自建水厂出厂水、自建水厂管网末梢水)的水样合格率依次为35.00%、63.53%、55.37%、40.74%、26.15%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=79.433,P<0.01)。不同类型水样,浑浊度(χ2=42.839,P<0.01)、臭和味(χ2=50.883,P<0.01)、铁(χ2=104.446,P<0.01)、锰(χ2=23.864,P<0.01)、氨氮(χ2=354.108,P<0.01)、余氯(χ2=53.272,P<0.01)和菌落总数(χ2=10.719,P<0.05)、总大肠菌群(χ2=16.321,P<0.01)的合格率,差异均有统计学意义。兴庆区、金凤区、西夏区的水质合格率分别为51.56%、61.79%、68.93%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=23.409,P<0.01)。[结论]银川市城市饮用水水质卫生状况不容乐观,应进一步加强水质卫生监测工作。

[ Objective ] To further strengthen drinking water monitoring in Yinchuan and establish a sound municipal drinking water monitoring network. [ Methods ] During 2008-2011, the hygienic quality of drinking water in Yinchuan was monitored according to related monitoring requirements. Samples of drinking water in pilot spots of the municipal monitoring network were collected for statistical analysis. [ Results ] Of the 1222 water samples collected, 691 were qualified in accordance to the national standards of drinking water quality, and the qualification rates in 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 were 44.74%, 51.85%, 58.96%, and 67.78%, respectively （χ^2=819.645, P〈0.01）. The qualification rates of samples of finished water and tap water from public water plants, secondary water supply, finished water and tap water from private owned water plants were 35.00%, 63.53%, 55.37%, 40.74%, and 26.15%, respectively （χ^2=79.433, P〈0.01）. Of the various water samples, there were significant differences in turbidity （χ^2=42.839, P〈0.01）, smell and taste （χ^2=50.883, P〈0.01）, iron （χ^2= 104.446, P〈0.01）, manganese （χ^2=23.864, P〈0.01）, ammonia （χ^2=354.108, P〈0.01）, chlorine （χ^2=53.272, P〈0.01）, total bacterial count （χ^2= 10.719, P〈0.05）, and total coliforms （χ^2= 16.321, P〈0.01）. Statistical differences were also found in the qualification rates of water samples collected from Xingqing District （51.56%）, Jinfeng District （61.79%）, and Xixia District （68.93%） （χ^2=23.409, P〈0.01）. [Conclusion] Thedrinkingwaterquality in Yinchuan is hardly satisfied and need strengthened monitoring.