地方分权制在近代中国的植入与重构

The Transplantation and Reconstruction of Decentralization in Modern China

通过对近代中国地方制度从西方植入的历史过程进行梳理,可以发现,在传统"大一统"文化的作用下,这项制度的本土化过程背后,发生了价值内涵和制度内容的"中国化"重构。在对这种重构的文化机理进行分析的基础上,就可以进一步理解这段历史:虽然近代中国有过地方均权等中国式地方分权制的探索,但中央集权的"党国体制"仍成为南京国民政府所采取的权力体制,地方分权只成为具文。反思历史是为了指导当下和未来政治体制改革中的地方制度建设,剖析"大一统"文化传统对地方分权制度进行重构的机制和过程,是揭示当代中国地方制度改革中关键突破点的前提。

Analysis of the transplantation of local autonomy from the western society indicates that, under the influence of unified centralization, the value connotation and institutional contents have been reconstructed with Chi- nese characteristics in its localization. Study of the cultural mechanism of this reconstruction reveals that although there was exploration of decentralization in China, Nanjing National Government still adopted the centralized party- state system, making the local autonomy merely a theoretical expectation. Rethinking of history shows that analysis of the mechanism and process of the reconstruction of decentralization influenced by the cultural tradition of unified generalization exposes the key to promote the temporary reform of local government institution in China.