广西环大明山自然保护区区域生态承载力评价

Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in the area around Daming Mountain Natural Reserve in Guangxi

为了促进广西环大明山自然保护区区域的可持续发展,基于RS与GIS技术对该区域土地利用变化情况进行分析,并利用生态足迹法对该区域可持续发展进行评价。结果表明,该区域内2005年至2007年各类土地面积都有逐年增加或减少的变化趋势,2008年至2010年则变化相对稳定;与2005年相比,2010年种类土地中变化较大的主要集中在未利用土地(相对增加32.04%)、草地(相对增加5.34%)、城乡居民点和工矿用地(相对增加7.66%),而变化较小的为耕地(相对增加3.13%)、林地(相对减少3.21%)、水域(相对减少0.43%);生态赤字呈逐渐增加态势,2005年人均生态赤字仅为0.045 9 hm2,到了2010年人均生态赤字则增长到0.226 6 hm2。因此,研究区人类活动对生态系统的影响超出了其生态容量,使得生态环境压力日益增大,生态安全保障受到挑战,可持续发展不乐观。

In order to promote the sustainable development of the area around Daming Mountain Nat- ural Reserve in Guangxi, change of land use in the region was analyzed based on the Remote Sens- ing （RS） and Geographic Information System （GIS）. Ecological Footprint was also applied to eval- uate the regional sustainable development. The results indicate that the area of each type of land use in this region has been varied from 2005 to 2007 and then kept a relatively stable trend from 2008 to 2010. Compared with year 2005, marked change of land use mainly occured in unused land （ in- creased by 32. 04% ）, grassland （ increased by 5.34% ）, residential and mining land （ increased by 7.66% ）, while slight change oecured in farming land （ increased by 3.13% ）, forest land （ de- creased by 3.21% ） and water area （ decreased by 0. 43% ） by 2010. The ecological deficit in- creased from 0. 045 9 hm2/cap in 2005 year to 0. 226 6 hm2/cap in 2010, showing a gradually in- creasing trend. It can be concluded that the effect of human activities on ecosystem has exceeded the threshold of ecological carrying capacity, causing more and more ecological environment pressures. The regional ecological security and the sustainability are facing challenges. The ecological carryingcapacity is of vital importance for the economic development and the scale of resource exploitation in one country or region.