双任务干扰的注意资源限制机制:来自汉字笔画数效应的证据

Attentional Limitations in Dual-task Interference: Evidence from the Stroke Number of Chinese Character Recognition

该研究的两个实验采用心理不应期范式,探讨了重叠任务情境下双任务的相互干扰机制。实验中被试相继完成高低音的辨别任务(T1)和汉字外在特征(颜色或笔画数)的任务判断(T2),T1和T2间采用变化的SOA。结果发现:(1)T1的反应选择导致T2的加工成绩大幅下降,PRP效应非常显著。(2)当T1占据中枢瓶颈时,T2和T1在中枢瓶颈中并行得到加工并导致T1的加工效率显著下降。(3)由于注意资源的有限性,具有自动激活特征的汉字同样受瓶颈机制的限制。只要存在对注意资源的二次分配就会存在瓶颈的调节机制。

Two experiments using a psychological refractory period paradigm examined the interference mechanism in dual - task situation. In experiments,participants made speeded responses to both a tone（ Task 1 ）and a Chinese Character（ Task 2 ） ,which presented with varying SOA. The results showed that ： （ 1 ） The response to Task 2 was heavily affected by the Task 1, the effect of PRP was signifi- cant. （2）When Task 1 was processing in the central bottleneck, Task 2 and Task 1 were processed in parallel in the bottleneck, and the efficiency of Task 1 was decreased. （ 3 ） Due the limitation of resources of attention, when the capacity was allocated between two tasks, the regulation of bottleneck mechanism will occur;this mechanism also includes the Chinese character that can be activated automatically.