政治文化:二元的,还是多元的?——简论维尔达夫斯基对前人类型学的批判与继承

Political Culture:Dualism or Pluralism

维尔达夫斯基依据"网格—团体"类型学将社会关系简化为五种基本的政治文化模式,提出"有限多元主义",倡导唯有五种文化模式并存,它们才能相互监督,取长补短,从而维系政治生活的稳定。而诸如孟德斯鸠、斯宾塞、涂尔干、马克思、韦伯等前辈学者提出的形形色色的类型学,或者不完整,或者带有"二元论"色彩,或者维度不统一,不具备"网格—团体"类型学的优势。

Based on the typology of grid-group, Wildavsky summarized social relation into five basic categories of political culture, put forth the limited pluralism and held that these five categories of culture could hold each other accountable and learn from each other so as to maintain the political life stable only if they can co-exist. However, those various typologies put forth by some pre-scholars such as Montesquieu, Spencer, Durkheim, Marx and Weber are incomplete or have a color of dualism or have no common dimension, thus they have no advantages of the grid-group typology.