摘要
学者常谓中土哲学总体上倡导"循环论"是有问题的,因为中土哲学所谓"循环",实已包含"进化"为其环节。换言之,中土哲学所谓"循环论",实是"含进化为环节之循环论",是"以循环为框架吸纳进化之循环论"。此种框架可以"大化"名之,此种学说可以"大化论"名之。以此而观《中庸》,"大化论"即是"中庸"框架下"含进化为环节之循环论"。《荀子.天论》讲"必有合",董仲舒提出"凡物必有合"之命题,均是主张既不偏倚"进化论",亦不偏倚"循环论"。周敦颐《太极图说》"始"、"生"、"形化"诸说,偏重于讲"进化",而"生生"、"无穷"诸说,则偏重于讲"循环",认为万物共同构成一个巨大的"进化与循环之合"。张载《正蒙.动物》专讲"动物"与"植物"之"大化",视其为"进化论"之专篇可,视其为"循环论"之专篇亦可,视其为"大化论"之专篇则最宜。程颢、程颐有"化大于变"之构想,涉及"大化"三阶段,是包含"进化"为其环节之三阶段。朱熹在"化是顿化,变是顿变"与"化是渐变,变是渐化"两种观点之间,似乎并无定论,而是主张"通看","通看"就是"从大尺度去看":"从大尺度去看","变"与"化"乃是一体之两面,"顿"与"渐"乃是一体之两面;他所讲"变化"两字,可直接以"大化"释读之。
It＇s questionable that China＇s philosophy is sort of cycle theory because its so-called circulation includes evolution. In other words, China＇s philosophy＇s so-called cycle theory combines actually circulation with evolution. Such a framework can be named by great transformation while such a theory can be named by the theory of great transformation. There are a lot of analyses and discusses on great transformation in masterpieces of those great Confucianists throughout the ages.
出处
《北京行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2013年第2期102-107,共6页
Journal of Beijing administration institute
关键词
大化论
循环论
进化论
儒家
the theory of great transformation
cycle theory
, theory of evolution
C onhwian
