美国特殊儿童转衔服务及其对我国的启示

Transition Services for U.S. Children with Special Needs and its Implications for China

当前我国特殊儿童由学校向成年生活的转衔面临严峻问题,而美国在此领域卓有成就。因此,分析美国转衔服务取得成功的经验将有助于寻找推进我国转衔服务的途径。美国的成功经验有理论为指导、法律为保障、财政为后盾、合作为途径。根据我国的实际情况,推动我国的特殊儿童转衔服务可采取以下措施加强转衔理论研究;推进特殊教育立法,将转衔写入法律;加大特殊教育经费投入,促进康复和职业教育的发展;促进机构间合作形成合力;强化宣传,推动社会对残疾人的接纳;提高特教教师制定和执行个别化转衔计划的能力。

Nowadays children with special needs in China are facing serious problems in transition from school to adult life, but not in United States. Therefore analyzing the success of the U.S. transition services will help us to identify ways of promoting China＇s transition services. The successful experience of the United States： theory as a guide, safeguarded by laws, financial backing, cooperation as a way. According to the actual situation of our country, to promote our special children transition services we can take the following measures： strengthen theoretical research on transition; promote special education legislation and increase special education funding to promote rehabilitation and vocational education development; form a concerted effort to promote inter-agency cooperation; strengthen publicity to promote the social acceptance of persons with disabilities; improve special education teachers＇ ability to develop and implement individualized transition plan.