化解义务教育择校矛盾为什么这么难

Why Is It So Difficult to Resolve the Problem of School Choice

当前,有效化解义务教育择校矛盾已经成为一个备受关注的社会热点问题。解析义务教育领域的择校矛盾机制可以看到,学校间横向分层与分割的普遍性事实对家长、教师、校长,甚至地方教育官员等相关主体具有巨大的牵引力,加剧了受教育者的"双重竞争"格局;公共教育治理中的"市场失灵"造成择校供需关系的"市场错位"、公共治理关系中的"市场僭越"和存在于义务教育学校内外的"隐形市场",加剧了义务教育择校矛盾;当代人情社会"新特殊主义"的教育政策运行逻辑以普遍主义教育政策为掩护,造成政府职能的错位、市场机制的扭曲和人情关系的异化。深入理解引发义务教育择校矛盾的复杂机制是制定合理有效义务教育政策的前提和基础。

At present, it has become a major concern for society to effectively resolve the problem of school choice in compulsory education in China. To analyze the contradictory mechanism of school choice in compulsory education, it is found out that the general fact that horizontal stratification and segmentation of schools have great traction for the parents, teachers, principals, and even local education officials and other related entities, which have aggravated the situation of ＂dual competition＂ for the educatees. The market failure of governance in public education results in the market dislocation of supply and demand relationship for school choice. The market transgression in public governance relations and the invisible market which exists in inside and outside of the compulsory school have exacerbated the problem of school choice. The education policy of ＂particularism＂, which offers a new privilege to some people under the pretext of education policy of ＂universalism＂, results in the dislocation of the government functions, the distortion of market mechanism and the alienation of human relations. It is the prerequisite and foundation for formulating the reasonable and effective policy of compulsory education to understand the complex mechanisms which lead to the problem of school choice.