婚姻挤压下农村流动人口的生育性别偏好——基于相对剥夺感视角的分析

Rural Migrants’ Sex Preference in Reproduction under the Marriage Squeeze:From the Perspective of Relative Deprivation

中国的出生性别比偏高持续了三十年,婚姻挤压问题日益凸现,大规模的城乡人口流动则加剧了婚姻挤压问题及其社会影响的严重性与复杂性。受制度与非制度因素影响,农村流动人口在城市处于社会底层,易遭遇成婚困难、诱发相对剥夺感,可能对生育偏好产生重要影响。本文基于相对剥夺感视角,对2009年福建省X市外来农村流动人口调查数据的分析发现,婚姻挤压对农村流动人口的生育性别偏好的观念与行为均无显著影响,但相对剥夺感对生育性别偏好行为有显著影响。本研究有助于理解婚姻挤压与相对剥夺感对农村流动人口生育性别偏好演化的特殊作用,对国家调整生育政策、提高流动人口计生服务与管理、促进性别平等有一定借鉴意义。

Abnormally high sex ratio at birth has lasted over three decades,which gives rise to the emerging issue of marriage squeeze in China. Massive rural-urban migration aggravates the seriousness and complexity of marriage squeeze and its social impacts. Influenced by the institutional and non- instilutional factors,rural migrants locate in the bottom of the urban social stratification. They are vulnerable to experience marriage difficulties and their identity leads to the generation of relative deprivation,which may have an important impact on their fertility preferences. From the perspective of relative deprivation, this paper uses the data from the survey of ＂floating population＂ in X City of Fujian Province in 2009 and gives the following findings： marriage squeeze had no significant effect on rural migrants＇ sex preference in both reproductive attitudes and behaviors,but relative deprivations have a significant effect on sex preference in reproductive behaviors. The paper helps to understand the special role of marriage squeeze and the relative deprivation in the evolution of rural migrants＇ sex preference. The study provides relative evidence for the adjustment of the fertility policy of China,improving the family planning services and management of floating population, and promoting gender equality.