水银法烧碱工艺遗留盐泥废物的汞污染问题研究

Study on the mercury pollution of a historical salt sludge stockpile generated from mercury cell chlor-alkali process

对某化工厂水银法烧碱关停后历史堆存的含汞盐泥的汞污染及其对周围环境介质的影响进行研究。通过对含汞盐泥、废物堆体表层积水、周边排污渠水样、堆场周围的土壤样品中的汞浓度分析,评价汞污染现状。结果表明,盐泥中含汞量高达247.09～390.28mg/kg,必须尽快采取有效的环境无害化措施进行妥善处理;盐泥堆表层积水中汞质量浓度为0.040 6～0.125 2mg/L,排污渠中水样的汞质量浓度在0.001 1～0.336 5mg/L,所有水样中总汞浓度都超过了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅳ类标准,堆存场附近的土壤中汞质量浓度为3.42～22.54mg/kg,远高于《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)三级标准。因此,含汞盐泥堆已经对周围环境带来污染,需加强环境监测,并尽快采取有效处理措施,防止污染扩散。

Mercury pollution produced by a historical mercury-containing solid wastes stockpile was investigated in this paper. The wastes stockpile was generated from a closed chemical plant which using mercury cell ehlor-alkali process. The pollution status of mercury was evaluate base on analyzing mercury content in mercury-containing solid wastes, their leaching liquids, water samples collected in surface of the stockpile, effluent from the ditch, as well as in surrounding soils. The results are as follows; the mercury concentration in salt sludge ranged from 247.09-390.28 mg/kg, some effective environmentally sound measure should be taken to deal with salt sludge. Mercury concentra- tion ranged from 0. 040 6-0. 125 2 mg/L in water samples collected from the surface of the solid waste stockpile, and ranged from 0. 001 1 to 0. 336 5 mg/L in effluent in the ditch, the total mercury in water samples all exceed the class IV of Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard （GB 3838-2002）. The mercury concentration in surrounding soil was in the range of 3.42 mg/kg to 22.54 mg/kg, far above the third grade value of soil environment quality standard （GB 15618-1995）. So, mercury-containing solid wastes stockpile had already caused great risk to the surrounding environment. Environmentally sound measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent further pollution.