尼龙6/纳米蒙脱土复合材料制备及性能研究

Preparation and properties of nylon 6/nano-montmorillonite composite

利用活化处理的纳米蒙脱土(OMMT),通过原位插层聚合原理,控制聚合温度、压力、时间等,在聚合管实现连续化稳定制备剥离型尼龙6(PA6)/纳米OMMT复合材料;采用熔融纺丝法制得PA6/纳米OMMT复合纤维;利用X射线衍射、透射电镜(TEM)等方法分析复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明:聚合时控制水与己内酰胺质量比为3%～5%,前聚压力不超过0.4 MPa,后聚压力小于-0.040 MPa,聚合温度240～280℃,聚合时间26～30 h,可制得相对分子质量为18 000～18 600,单体质量分数小于1.6%,含水率小于450μg/g的PA6/纳米OMMT切片;TEM分析表明,纳米OMMT在PA6基体均匀分散;复合材料的力学性能有较大幅度的提高,断裂强度达102.15 MPa,比纯PA6提高了12%;PA6/纳米OMMT复合纤维性能优异,适合轮胎骨架材料的制备要求。

An exfoliated nylon 6 （PA6）/nano-montmorillonite （OMMT） composite was continuously and steadily prepared from activated OMMT using polymerization tube by in-situ intercalation polymerization. The polymerization temperature, pressure and time were regulated based on the pronciple of in-situ intercalation polymerization. And PA6/nano-OMMT composite fibers were prepared by melt spinning process. The structure and properties of the composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results showed that PA6/nano-OMMT chips can be produced with the relative molecular mass of 18 000 - 18 600, monomer mass fraction below 1.6% and moisture content less than 450 μg/g under the conditions as followed： water-and-eaprolaetam mass ratio 3% -5 % , prepolymerization pressure not more than 0.4 MPa, post polymerization pressure less than -0.040 MPa, polymerization temperature 240 -280 ℃ and time 26 -30 h. TEM analysis showed that nano-OMMT had an uniform dispersion in PA6 matrix; the mechanical properties of the composite was considerably improved, especially the breaking strength up to 102.15 MPA with a growth of 12% as compared with pure PA6; the PA6/nano-OMMT composite fiber had excellent properties which satisfied the requirements of tyre reinforcement material.