空间供给外部性、经济集聚与城市劳动生产率——对中国城市面板数据的实证分析

Spatial Externalities of Supply,Economic Agglomeration and Urban Labor Productivity——Empirical Analysis on Panel Data of China Cities

本文基于马歇尔外部性理论,利用2003～2010年全国284个地级及以上城市面板数据,从要素供给方面探讨了空间外部性对城市劳动生产率的影响及城市间的供给关联机制。研究发现,专业化劳动力可得性、中间投入可得性和区际技术溢出对城市劳动生产率的促进作用在100公里范围内最为显著和稳定。在空间供给外部性作用下,多数城市具有明显的净集聚经济效益。考虑地方保护主义和国际、国内市场潜力与空间供给变量的交叉影响后发现,地方保护主义显著抑制了专业化劳动力和中间投入可得性的影响效果,但对技术溢出的作用不显著;国内、国际市场均加强了专业化劳动力可得性的影响效果,且国际市场潜力的作用更为明显;国际市场潜力对中间投入可得性的作用效果具有正向影响,而国内市场潜力的作用为负;国内市场比国际市场更能够促进城市间的技术溢出效应。

Based on the theory of Marshallian externalities, this paper analyzes the effects of spatial externalities on urban labor productivity and the supply association mechanisms between cities in terms of factor supply using the panel data of 284 ground and above cities during the year 2003 - 2009. The results find that, intermediate inputs, expertise of personnel density, specialized labor and research expenses within 100 km significantly improve the urban labor productivity. Compared with the agglomeration diseeonomies, most cities have significant net agglomeration economic benefits under the role of spatial externalities of supply. Considering the cross effects of local protectionism, international and domestic market potential and spatial supply variables, we find that local protection significantly reduces the effects of specialized labor and intermediate inputs, while the effect on technology spillovers is not significant. Domestic and international market have strengthen the effects of specialized labor availability, and the role of international market potential is more significant. International market potential has a positive impact on the effect intermediate inputs availability, while the role of domestic market is negative. The role of domestic market potential on technology spillover effects is more significant than that of international market.