市场化进程对创新效率的影响及行业差异——基于中国高技术产业的实证检验

The Effect of Marketization on Innovation Efficiency and Industry Differences: An Empirical Analysis Based on High-tech Industries in China

文章利用中国高技术产业1995-2010年的面板数据,采用Malmquist指数对高技术产业创新效率及其分解——资源配置效率和技术进步等进行了测算。在考虑市场势力和企业规模等因素之后,文章运用动态面板GMM方法实证考察了市场化进程对创新效率的影响及行业差异。研究发现,市场化程度的提高既优化了高技术产业的资源配置,又促进了技术进步,进而提高了创新效率,且入世后这种促进作用更大;行业特征影响着市场化进程对高技术产业创新效率的提升效果,在技术密集度较低、外向度较高的行业中,市场化进程对创新效率的积极影响更大。此外,企业规模和经济绩效也是高技术产业创新效率的影响因素,而市场势力与创新效率却存在倒U形关系。

Based on the panel data of high-tech industries in China from 1995 to 2010, this paper employs the Malmquist index to measure the inno- vation efficiency and its decomposition, namely resource allocation efficiency and technology progress, in high-tech industries. Taking market power and firm size into account, it uses dynamic panel GMM method to empirically ex- plore the effect of marketization on innovation efficiency and its industry differences. The results show that the increase in the degree of marketiza- tion not only optimizes the resource allocation in high-tech industries, but also promotes technology progress, thereby leading to the rise in innovation efficiency, especially after the entry into WTO; and industry characteristics affect the positive effects of marketization on innovation efficiency in high-tech industries; the positive effect of marketization on innovation efficiency is larger in industries with low technology intensity and high degree of export orientation. In addition, firm size and economic performance are also the factors influencing inno- vation efficiency in high-tech industries, and there is an inverted U-shaped rela- tionship between market power and innovation efficiency.