正义的乌托邦——清末民初福尔摩斯形象研究

Utopia of Justice:Sherlock Holmes in the Late-Qing and Early-Republic Period of China

福尔摩斯惩恶扬善,是正义与公理的化身,但却不是警察与法律的代表。他经常游走在法律边缘,在体制之外维护正义。清末民初福尔摩斯的翻译,尤其是刘半农主编的《福尔摩斯探案全集》,消解了福尔摩斯与官方的紧张关系,并对福尔摩斯僭越法律、以寻求法外正义的行为加以解释。清末民初正在向法制社会进行着痛苦的转型,现代法律、司法、警察、监狱系统在逐步建立,正义的内涵发生了重大的转折,西方的法制社会成为国人向往和艳羡的对象。在翻译中,译者将福尔摩斯视作西方法律体系的象征,通过对原文的改写,重塑了福尔摩斯的乌托邦正义形象。

Sherlock Holmes who punishes evil-doers is the personification of justice, but not the representative of the law and police. He often upholds justice when flou- ting the laws. The translations of Sherlock Holmes, especially The Complete Novels and Stories of Sherlock Holmes compiled by Liu Bannong, reduce the tension between Holmes and the police and add explanations to Holmes＇s violation of laws. The Late- Qing and Early-Republic period has been undergoing a painful transformation towards a legal society, in which modern systems of laws, judicatories, police and jail were gradually set up according to the west pattern which was imagined and longed for. In translation, the translators took Holmes as the symbol of west law system and re- shaped his Utopian image of justice through the manipulation of the original text.