现代疯癫的演化:问题与反思——以20世纪中期美国小说为例

Evolution on Modern Madness: Problems and Reflections——American Novels in the Mid-20th Century as an Example

20世纪以来非理性思潮渗透进美国文化、文学中,取代理性对西方文化、文明发展的引导功能。尤其在20世纪中期,两种思潮激烈交锋,美国文学中出现大量的非理性文学形象。本文通过对疯癫形象的解读,发现现代疯癫是对古典时代疯癫的嬗变以及颠覆,并呈现出其鲜明特征。在其背后折射出创作者对美国社会问题、资本主义启蒙现代性问题的反思和批判。对美国社会的批评一方面凸显出知识分子的社会价值,一方面也反映出他们对社会一定程度上的误读。

In the twentieth century irrational thoughts have permeated into American philosophy and literature and taken the place of rationalism to guide the development of Western civilization. Especially since the mid-twentieth century, two trends of rationalism and irrationalism have conflicted with each other and produced a number of non-rational literary images. Based on these madmen, this paper finds out that the modern madness has made a subversion of classical age＇ s madness in its aspects. Changes from the rational to the irrational reflect the authors＇ meditation and criticism on the American social problems and modernity. The criticism on U. S. has highlighted the social value of the modern intellectuals and their partly misreading of irrationalism.