公共危机治理中的政策工具:型构、选择及应用

The Policy Instruments in Public Crisis Governance: Classification,Selection and Application

面对高度复杂且日趋常态化的公共危机情境,需要以政府为核心的公共部门设计、选择和运用适配的政策工具加以因应。基于治理逻辑框架下的公共危机治理的政策工具型构,横向上可细分为四大类别,纵向上则呈现"超越管制"并寻求"新政策工具"的发展趋势。为实现公共危机治理实践的多重目标,治理的多元政策工具应随危机情境的演化而进行合理有效地组合应用,体现为"政策情境—治理目标—政策工具"的逻辑进路。此外,优化治理公共危机的政策工具选择还需要明确政府在危机治理中的责任担当、并持续进行工具的多元组合设计及优化创新。

It needs the public sector to design, select and use appropriate policy instruments to deal with the highly complex and normalization of public crisis situation. Based on the perspective of governance, policy instruments can be divided into four types horizontally, and their development is from ＂beyond control＂ to ＂the new policy instruments＂ on vertical. To achieve the management objectives of different phases, the multiple policy instruments should be applied reasonably and effectively with the evolution of public crisis. Essentially, on the perspective of policy instruments, public crisis management is applying policy instruments and achieving policy objectives in the situation of public crisis. It is also needed to identify government responsibility, optimize and develop these policy instruments for appropriate selection.