瓦斯隧道的地质勘察问题探讨

Discussion on Problems of Geological Exploration for Gas Tunnels

研究目的:瓦斯爆炸是隧道施工中最严重的灾害之一,危害性极大。而瓦斯隧道的地质勘察中需要收集哪些指标、做什么试验项目,相关规范、规程虽然有要求,但地质勘察人员运用起来还是模糊不清,有必要进行进一步的研究,提出更明确的操作要求。研究结论:地质勘察工作中应抓住影响瓦斯爆炸的三个条件来进行。在收集既有资料的基础上,进入矿井在采工作面进行实测瓦斯压力、吨煤瓦斯含量、煤的坚固性系数、瓦斯放散初速度、通风条件瓦斯浓度值等参数,同时进行必要的深孔钻探,在深孔内进行气体收集分析和测试瓦斯含量、涌出量、压力等指标,室内以石门揭煤公式计算出隧道瓦斯涌出量,进行隧道瓦斯工区、含瓦斯地段的等级划分,为隧道设计提供详细的指标,并有针对性地提出施工措施建议。

Research purposes： Gas explosion is one of the most severe disasters in construction of railway and road tunnels and it can produce the extremely serious consequence. Although the relative norms and regulations have provided the instructions on what parameters should be collected and what kinds of experiments should be done during the geological exploration, but in practice, it still remains vague. So it is necessary to do the further study on it and present the more specific operational requirements. Research conclusions：The geological exploration should be conducted around the three conditions of having effects on the gas explosion. Based on existing data, the parameters, such as the gas pressure, gas content of per ton of coal, firmness coefficient of coal, initial velocity of gas diffusion and gas concentration under ventilation condition, have to be measured on the working face. At the same time, the necessary deep bore drilling should be conducted to collect the gas in the deep bore and measure the gas content, gas emission volume and gas pressure. The cross -hole uncovering coal formula is used to calculate the gas emission volume in tunnel for grading the gas working zone and gas area. All of these works can provide the parameters for the tunnel design and construction so that the relative measures can be taken.