准轮烷/轮烷在药物载体中的应用

Application of Pesudorotaxanes/Rotaxanes in Drug Carriers

准轮烷/轮烷是超分子化学领域内的一类重要成员,其结构可在外界刺激下发生改变,这一特点使其在分子机器制备方面取得了广泛的应用。近年来,由于其结构的特殊性,在药物载体领域也开始引起人们的关注。本文对近十年来准轮烷/轮烷在药物载体领域内的发展情况进行了综述,重点概述准轮烷修饰的硅纳米粒子和主体-轮烷这两类药物载体的发展历程以及各自的优缺点,最后展望了准轮烷/轮烷在药物载体领域的发展方向。

Pesudorotaxanes/rotaxanes are an important class of supramolecules in the field of supramolecular chemistry. They can adjust their conformations under external stimuli, such as redox process, pH change, light, and solvent, and hence have been widely applied in the fabrication of molecular machines. Recently, researchers realized that these special structural features can be utilized to control drug release and enhance the ability of drugs to enter membranes, making these supramolecules promising candidates for drug carriers. In this paper, the progress of the application of pesudorotaxanes/rotaxanes in drug delivery systems over the past decade has been reviewed. In particular, two kinds of drug carriers, viz. pesudorotaxane-based mechanized silica nanoparticles （MSNP） and host-rotaxanes, are emphasized. MSNP was firstly designed and synthesized by Stoddart and Zink et al. Within MSNP, the assembly and de-assembly processes of the attached pesudorotaxanes endow silica nanoparticles with a new function controlled drug release. The host-rotaxane carriers were fabricated by Smithrud et al. With the aid of shuttling processes in rotaxanes, host-rotaxanes hold a significant ability to penetrate biomembranes, which can be applied to aid transmembrane drug delivery. The advantages and disadvantages of these two kinds of drug carriers are discussed, either. Finally, the further development of pesudorotaxane/rotaxane- based drug carriers is prospected.