多阶有序多孔炭的软模板法合成与结构控制

Synthesis and Structure Control of Hierarchical Ordered Porous Carbons via Soft-Templating Methods

多阶有序多孔炭材料综合了多种多孔炭材料的结构优点,在催化、吸附、储能、电化学等方面具有潜在的重要应用。多阶有序多孔炭材料的合成方法很多,到目前为止,模板法是控制孔结构和调节尺寸的最有效方法。在模板法中,软模板法因为其工艺简单、省时、成本低、环境污染小等优势,近些年来广泛被人们采用。用软模板法合成的多阶有序多孔炭包括:大孔-介孔炭,介孔-微孔炭,介孔-介孔炭,大孔-介孔-微孔炭等。本文对多阶有序多孔炭的软模板法合成与结构控制进行了综述。总结了软模板法在实现上述材料孔结构控制中的影响因素。

Hierarchical ordered porous carbon （HOPC） which include macro-mesopore, micro-mesopore, meso-mesopore and macro-meso-micropore carbons, exhibited great potential in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, energy storage and electrochemistry due to the advantages of combined muhiple porous structure. By now, various preparation methods for hierarchical ordered porous carbon have been reported. Among them, templating method which could control pore structure and adjust pore dimension is the most effective. For templating method, soft- templating method was simple, timesaving, low cost and less pollution and has been widely employed in recent years. Soft-templating preparation method for hierarchical ordered porous carbon, especially evaporation induced self-assembly （EISA） method and structure control strategy are reviewed. Block copolymer is a kind of soft- template which plays a role as pore-forming. In this paper, interaction of block copolymers with carbon precursors for the production of hierarchical porous structure is especially reviewed. Factors influencing the pore structure which include dual template, post activation, carbon source and molecular structure of soft template are summarized. Strategy for the control preparation of hierarchical ordered porous carbon via soft templates is proposed.