改革能源定价机制以保障可持续发展——以煤电联动政策为例

Reform of Energy Pricing Mechanism to Support Sustainable Development:the Example of Linkage Mechanism between Coal and Electricity Prices

中国的煤炭定价以市场为主,而电力定价以行政为主,定价机制的差异造成火电电力行业亏损和"软缺电"问题。2004年起,中国开始实施煤电联动政策,以缓解煤价上涨对火电行业的成本压力,但之后却被屡次中断。本文主要研究了如果按照政府的规定实施煤电价格联动,所带来的电价水平波动,以及电价变动后的宏观影响。研究表明,长期而言,定价机制的市场化改革是煤电两个部门可持续发展的保障。

In China, market - dominated coal pricing mechanism and government - dominated electricity pricing mechanism have cost severe losses in the power industry and led to the ＇ Soft Electricity Shortage＇. The linkage mechanism between coal and electricity prices has been implemented since 2004, to release the cost pressure on the power industry caused by coal prices rising, yet was suspended several times. This paper estimates the elec- tricity price increase and its impacts induced by the pricing linkage mechanism. The results show that, only market - driven reform of the pricing mechanism can ensure the sustainable development of coal and electricity industries in the long tenn.