2004—2011年佛山市流感样病例暴发疫情分析

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreak in Foshan City,2004-2011

目的了解佛山市流感样病例及流感暴发流行及毒株变异情况,分析流行特征和影响因素,为防控策略制定提供科学依据。方法对2004—2011年佛山市流感样病例及流感暴发疫情进行流行病学分析。采用二项分类logistic回归分析影响暴发疫情的因素,运用Pearson相关分析流感样病例暴发疫情首例发病至疫情报告时间与整个事件持续时间关系。结果 2004—2011年佛山市共报告流感样病例及流感病例暴发疫情66起,全市5区均有报告,禅城区报告最多,共37起。疫情主要集中在3—6月,占57.58%(38/66),学校及托幼机构累计报告61起(占92.42%)。引起佛山市流感样病例暴发疫情的流感病毒主要为A(H3N2)亚型、新甲型H1N1亚型和B型流感病毒,分别引起暴发疫情13、14和19起。2007—2011年通过"学生健康监护信息系统"全市共报告疑似流感/急性呼吸道感染(感冒)聚集性病例事件222起,其中有26起发展为暴发疫情并通过突发公共卫生事件信息管理系统报告,占2007—2011年报告的41起发生在学校和托幼机构中的流感样病例暴发疫情的63.42%(26/41)。Logistic回归分析显示暴发疫情是否通过"学生健康监护信息系统"报告,与暴发疫情罹患率级别及持续时间均有关(P<0.05),"学生健康监护信息系统"报告在暴发疫情中为保护因素,OR值分别为0.256、0.281。分析66起流感样病例暴发疫情的首例发病到疫情报告时间与整个事件持续时间的相关关系,结果显示呈正相关(Pearson相关系数为0.576,P<0.01)。结论佛山市流感暴发主要集中在3—6月,以局部暴发为主,学校和托幼机构是高发场所。加强疾病监测,建立学校托幼机构报告制度和平台,积极开展健康教育,推广流感疫苗接种,有利于疫情及时控制疫情。

Objective To understand the epidemiologic situation of influenza-like illness （ILI） and influenza outbreak, and the variation of influenza virus, analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and influence factors, to take proper action for prevention and control of influenza. Methods Epidemic data of ILl and outbreaks between 2004 and 2011 were analyzed. Binomial logistic classification regression was used to analyze the influence factors of outbreaks; Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the reporting time of the first ILI case and the duration of whole event. Results A total of 66 out- breaks of ILl and influenza were reported in Foshan City from 2004 to 2011. The peak of influenza out- breaks was from March to June （57.58% , 38/66）. Schools and kindergartens reported 61 influenza out- breaks （92.42%）. Influenza A（H3N2） and influenza A（ H1N1 ）, and influenza B were the main virus types and caused 13, 14 and 19 outbreaks, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed whether repor- ting the outbreaks through the ＂Student health care information systems＂ were statistically significant rela- ting with the outbreak of rate levels （ OR = 0. 256 ） and duration （ OR = 0.281 ） （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Reporting via ＂ Student health care information system＂ was a protective factor in the outbreak. The duration of the occur-rence of the first ILl case to the reporting time was positively related with the duration of whole event （ Pear- son correlation coefficient = 0. 576, P 〈 0. O1 ）. Conclusion The peaks of influenza outbreaks were main- ly from March to June in Foshan City. The schools and childcare facilities are high-risk areas for influenza outbreak. To enhance disease surveillance and establish the school childcare facilities reporting system and platform, actively carry out health education, and promote influenza vaccination are conducive to contain the outbreaks timely.