黑龙江省常用粗饲料对肉牛瘤胃内环境的影响研究

Effect on Beef Cattle Rumen Internal Environment of Common Roughage in Heilongjiang Province

[目的]针对黑龙江省肉牛养殖中羊草、玉米秸秆、玉米青贮和玉米秸秆微贮4种常用粗饲料的营养成分特性和饲喂特点,研究其对瘤胃内的PH值和NH3-N、VFA浓度的动态变化规律,进一步为我国北方寒区肉牛养殖中的粗饲料的合理搭配与利用提供一定的理论基础。[方法]选择4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔肉用公牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,日粮精粗比为30∶70。[结果]各试验组pH值均在5.5～7.52的正常范围内,各组在同一时间点pH值差异不显著(P>0.05);NH3-N浓度从本试验从平均值来看,青贮组、微贮组和羊草组均低于秸秆组,分别低27%、5%和4.12%,表明三组饲料能氮释放更加合理,其中青贮组和羊草组NH3-N平均值最低,表明在肉牛饲养中青贮和羊草是较好的粗饲料来源;本试验中青贮组和羊草组的TVFA含量同样最高,为78.64 mmol/L、79.68mmol/L,分别比秸秆组高6.75mmol/L和7.79mmol/L,表明饲喂青贮和羊草能为反刍动物提供更多能量,尤其是丙酸含量的提高有利于反刍动物体内脂肪的蓄积。[结论]饲喂青贮和羊草有利于肉牛育肥,玉米秸秆微贮可以作为补充粗饲料来源。

[Objective]Based on nutrient ingredients and feeding characteristics with four kinds of common roughage including L. ehinensise, corn stalks, corn silage and corn stover in the course of beef cattle breeding in Heilongjiang province, the experiment studied the rules of dynamic variation of the rumen PH and NH3-N,VFA concentration of the kinds of roughage so as to further provide certain theoretical basis for roughage proper proportion and application during the course of northern cold region in beef cattle breeding. [Methodl Four Simmental beef bulls with permanent rumen fistula were chosen and 4 × 4 Latin square design was adopted,and the utilization rate of 30 concentration and 70 roughage was determined. [Result]pH of each test group was within the normal range between 5.5 and 7.52, and pH of the groups at the same time was not remarkable （P〉0.05）. For NH3-N concentration from the average of the test,silage group,microbial group and the group of L. chinensis group were 27%, 5 % and 4.12%, respectively,which was lower than that of the straw, indicating that the three groups of feed nitrogen release was more reasonable. NH3-N average value of silage group and L. chinensis group was the lowest,indicating that silage and L. chinensis were better than roughage source in beef cattle feeding. TVFA content of silage group and L. chinensis group in this study was 78.64 mmol/L and 79.68 mmol/L,which was higher than that of the straw group for 6. 75 mmol/L and 7. 79 mmol/L, respectively, indicating that feeding silage and L. chinensis for ruminants provided more energy,especially fat in body accumulation of ruminant animals with the increase of acid content. [Conclusion]Therefore, feeding silage and L. chinensis was good to cattle fattening,and microbial corn straw could serve as the source of supplying roughage.