从教育平权与科举制探讨公平的标准问题

On the Standard of Fairness from the Angles of Educational Equality and Imperial Examination System

有两种教育公平,一种是"所有人适用于同一标准"的公平,另一种是"不同人适用不同标准"的公平。科举制属于前者,教育平权所努力实现的是后者;"八股取士"是前者,"分省录取"属后者;而它们都为各自所属的时代服务,并很好地实现了一定程度上的公平。深入讨论时,当标准本身违背公平性的一面呈现出来后,基于实践的需要,标准多样化便成为未来公平体系的必然诉求。

There are two kinds of education equality ＂the same standard for all applicants＂ and ＂＇different standards for different applicants＂. The Imperial Examination System belongs to the former, while Education Equality aims to realize the latter, Admission through ＂Eight Parts Essay＂ in the imperial examination in Old China is the former, while ＂Various Admission in Various Provinces＂ in the current college entrance admission system in China is the latter. They used to have both well served for their own eras, and achieved fairness to some extent. Delved on deeply, it is found that when the standard itself goes against the fairness, the diversified standards based on the needs of practice become the inevitable trend of future fairness system.