2009～2011年某预防接种门诊儿童预防接种不良反应调查分析

The investigation of adverse reaction of vaccination outpatient children in 2009～2011

目的了解预防接种不良反应发生的一般规律,寻找预防和降低接种不良反应的方法。方法对2009年1月1日～2011年12月31日中山市南区某预防接种门诊登记的预防接种不良反应个案进行统计分析。结果 2009～2011年该接种门诊常规使用的18种疫苗中有13种疫苗发生不良反应,不良反应发生率121.05/10万,不良反应发生率前5位的疫苗分别是23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗、惠氏7价肺炎球菌结合疫苗、口服轮状病毒活疫苗、B型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗(HIB)和吸附无细胞百白破联合疫苗;同种疫苗随着接种针次的增加不良反应发生率也增高。发生的不良反应主要为一般反应,局部反应以红肿、硬结为主,全身反应以发热、皮疹为主。全部不良反应病例预后良好。结论预防接种不良反应发生的原因比较复杂,严格执行安全接种的各项技术操作和不良反应发生后的正确处理和护理可有效预防和降低接种不良反应的发生。

Objective To study the prevention of adverse reaction of vaccination general rules,and to seek ways to pre vent and decrease the adverse reaction of vaccination. Methods Vaccination clinic registration for the prevention of adverse reaction cases including all the cases from Jan 1,2009 to Dec 31,2011 in Zhongshan City were analyzed. Results 2009~2011 years the vaccination clinic for routine use of the 18 kinds of vaccine adverse reactions occurred in 13 kinds of vaccines, and the rate of the incidence of adverse reactions was 121.05/100thousand. The adverse reactions of the top 5 vaccines were polyva lent Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, Wyeth Pneumococcal 7valent conjugate vaccine, oral Rotavirus （Live） Vaccine, IIaemophilus Influenzae type B Conjugate Vaccine （HIB）, Diphtheria, Tetanus and A cellular Pertussis Combined vaccine, ad sorbed （DTP）, vaccine inoculation injection times increased adverse reactions also increased. The adverse reaction was mainly the general reaction, such as local reaction to redness induration, systemic reactions with fever, and rash. All adverse reactions of the patients had good prognosis after having been well treated. Conclusion To prevent the occurrence cause of adverse re action of vaccination is rather complex. Correct treatment and nursing, the strict implementation of injection safety should be useful to decrease the adverse reaction of vaccination reaction.