牛卵母细胞体外成熟技术研究进展

Recent Advances in Research on Bovine Oocyte Maturation Technology in vitro

牛卵母细胞体外成熟是一项重要的繁殖生物技术,但是由于卵母细胞没有经历体内促黄体激素(LH)峰启动前的生长过程及生物事件干扰了胞质成熟,导致体外发育能力低于体内成熟的卵母细胞。卵母细胞成熟过程复杂,涉及细胞核、细胞质及分子成熟。牛卵母细胞体外成熟受多种因素影响,其中包括卵母细胞来源、颗粒细胞与卵母细胞间相互作用及体外培养环境等。迄今为止,为了提高牛卵母细胞的体外发育能力,许多学者模拟卵母细胞体内环境发展了一些新的体外成熟技术,诸如体外延迟自发恢复减数分裂成熟、外源卵母细胞分泌因子促进卵母细胞体外成熟及模拟生理条件下卵母细胞成熟等方法。本文综述了牛卵母细胞成熟过程、影响卵母细胞体外成熟因素及近年来提高牛卵母细胞体外成熟的新方法。

Bovine oocyte in vitro maturation （IVM） is an important reproductive technology, however, as these oocytes were maturated in vitro that is deficient in growing process and some crucial event in vivo during antral follicular development prior to the LH surge, which interfere cytoplasmic maturation, thus resulting in reduced developmental capacity compared to in vivo maturated counterparts. Oocyte maturation is a complex process that involves events of nuclear, cytoplasmic and molecular maturation. Bovine oocyte maturation during in vitro culture is affected by many factors including source of oocyte, bidirectional communication between the oocyte and its surrounding cumulus cells and maturation environment. Up to date, to improve the developmental competence of bovine oocytes in vitro, some new technologies, for example, attenuating spontaneous oocyte maturation, improving oocyte maturation using exogenous oocyte-secreted growth factors and simulated physiological oocyte maturation have been developed for enhancing bovine oocytes maturation in vitro by simulating in vivo oocytes growing environment. This paper reviewed the maturation processes of bovine oocytes, the factors affecting oocyte maturation in vitro and the latest approach to improve the maturation rate of bovine oocytes in vitro.