反斯托克斯荧光制冷的研究进展与综述

PROGRESS AND SUMMARY OF STUDY ON ANTI-STOKES FLUORESCENT COOLING

反斯托克斯荧光制冷 (Anti StokesFluorescentCooling)也被称为激光制冷 (LaserCooling)。自 1 995年以来 ,该项研究取得了飞速的发展。目前 ,人们利用激光制冷的方法已经得到了比家用冰箱冷冻室还低的温度 ,并能够利用半导体量子阱材料得到低于液氮温区的降温。由于这项技术具有全光性 ,它的制冷器具有体积小、重量轻、无电磁辐射、无振动、无噪声等特点 ,因此也就具有了非常诱人的应用前景和符合军事、空间、集成光学、微电子、医学等领域的特殊要求 ,而被国外研究者所重视。做为一项基本技术 ,激光制冷研究的突破必然会导致许多对温度有特殊要求的高技术实用化 ,推动那些领域向前发展。本文详细地介绍了反斯托克斯荧光制冷研究的历史和最新进展 ,详细地介绍了该项研究中的方法和理论。着重介绍了激光制冷的热力学限制、发光过程的热力学理论 ,探讨激光制冷产生的机制和制冷理论。最后 ,对激光制冷器的发展前景和设计依据进行了讨论 ,尝试性地探讨了线圈型制冷器、用于芯片的制冷器和单分子 光子泵型制冷器的应用考虑。

Anti Stokes Fluorescent Cooling is also called laser cooling. Since 1995, the investigation on it develops rapidly. At the present time,the temperature lower than home refrigerator's freezing room has been obtained by this method,and further, lower temperature than liquid nitrogen has been obtained in semi conductor quantum well. The cryocoolers based on this mechanism will be mini volume, lighter weight, electromagnetic radiation free, non vibration, non noise, becauseof light driving only in this technique. The abroad researchers think much of laser cooling, because its great potential applications in military,space, integrated optics, micro electronics, iatrology, and et al. The breakthrough in laser cooling as a basically technique must result in application of many high teches which require special temperature conditions and must promote their fields developing forward. In this paper, we introduce the history and progress of anti Stokes fluorescent cooling, and show out its investigating methods and theories. Also we introduce emphatically laser cooling in its thermodynamic confine and thermodynamic theory in luminescence processes, and probe into the mechanism of cooling produced by laser and its cooling theory. At last, we forecast the future development of fluorescent cryocooler and discuss the gist of its design. Some considerations on design of coil form, cooling to integrated circuit and Single Molecule Photon Cryocooler are proposed.