量子态叠加原理及其测量的分析与讨论

Analysis and discussion of quantum state superposition principle and its measurement

量子力学是物理学、微电子学等专业的基础课.在整个量子力学课程中,态叠加原理起着统领全局的作用,也是教学进程中的重点和难点.本文介绍了量子态叠加原理的教学经验.在表述量子态叠加原理的基础上,通过一个典型问题的求解过程,说明了在量子叠加态中正确计算力学量的方法,讨论了可能观测值与测量值的关系.对于正确理解波函数坍缩假设、量子态不可克隆定理和隔空传物理论等均有帮助.

In the course of quantum mechanics, the state superposition principle plays a key role of the overall situation. Also, it is a difficult content in the teaching process. We introduce the teaching experience about quan- tum state superposition principle in this paper. After lecturing the principle of quantum state superposition with a typical problems solving process, we explain how to correctly compute mechanics operators in quantum superposi- tion state and discuss the relationship of observation and measurement value. It is helpful to understand the wave function collapse, correct understanding of the quantum state not cloning theorem and the empty preach content the- ory.