建国初中美关系走向全面对抗原因再审视

A Re-examination of Sino-U.S.relationship as It Moved toward an All-round Confrontation in the Preliminary Stage of PRC

对新中国成立初中美关系从僵持最终走向了对抗,过去同类研究基本侧重于从中美双方意识形态上来分析其原因,对苏联从中的影响分析不够,忽视两国国家利益上的差异性。国与国的关系比一般的意识形态更复杂,过去那种单纯认为双方不从国家利益出发的观点是不符合事实的。新中国成立初,中美关系从僵持最终走向了对抗,其原因并不在于意识形态的对立,而在于双方外交政策主张和理念相差太远,双方积怨误解太深、互信缺失,冷战背景下中苏关系的影响,朝鲜战争使双方走向直接的军事对抗。审视原因,对抗具有必然性,必然趋势中又存在着种种的变数,双方都没能很好利用。这段历史给人留下了太多思考与遗憾,它对于我们今天处理与美国关系很有启迪。

The existing researches explore the reasons why Sino-U.S.relation moved from a deadlock to an all-round confrontation mainly through analyzing the two countries' ideology,without a thorough examination of the influence of the Soviet Union and their different national interest.However,international relation is more complex than ideology.The worsening of Sino-U.S.relation is due to different opinions and ideas in their foreign policies,instead of their ideological opposition.A long-term hostility,the lack of mutual understanding and trust,the influence of Sino-Soviet relation during the Cold War and the Korean War led to a direct military confrontation between the two countries.Despite its inevitability,there were some variables which were largely neglected.A re-examination of this history helps us maintain Sino-U.S.relation in the current situation.