从“艺术生产”到“文化工业”理论演变的辩证逻辑——资本视域下阿多诺对马克思艺术生产理论的再解读

The Dialectic Logic of the Evolution from "Art Production" to "Culture Industry"——Adorno's Reinterpretation of Marx's Theory of Art Production in the Perspective of the Capital

与马克思侧重于历史的理解方法不同,阿多诺更侧重从辩证法的否定性、批判性的动态视野来观照资本运动所带来的艺术生产活动的深刻变化。阿多诺"文化工业"理论范式批判维度的基础在于他一方面洞见了马克思"艺术生产"理论当中资本运动的历史维度,另一方面也认识到要扭转艺术这种工业化、同一性的生产危机,还必须从否定的辩证法意识来完成对当代艺术产业化、资本化处境的审美救赎。阿多诺在历史辩证法与启蒙辩证法、总体性与非同一性、文化理论与工业理论三个方面对马克思艺术生产理论作出了进一步的推进和创新。

For Marx,capital is not just an economic concept;it is also a historical concept,and an epistemological concept.It constitutes a realistic basis for a logical understanding of the capitalist world.Through an interpretation of the historical movement of capital,Marx puts forward the theoretical paradigm of art production.However,while Marx emphasized history,Adorno focuses more on the dialectics of negativity and the critical dynamic vision in order to understand the profound changes of art production brought about by the movement of the capital.Fundamentally,the critical dimension of Adorno's theoretical paradigm of 'Culture Industry' is based on the one hand,on his insights into the historical dimension of capital movement in Marx's theory of 'art production',on the other hand,his recognition that to reverse the crisis of industrialized and identical art production,he must complete the aesthetic salvation of the contemporary industrialization and capitalization of art with a negative dialectics consciousness.This paper mainly discusses Adorno's advancement and innovation of Marx's theory of art production from three aspects: the historical dialectics and the Enlightenment dialectics,totality and non-identity,and cultural theory and industrial theory.