小型无人机低空喷洒在玉米田的雾滴沉积分布及对玉米螟的防治效果初探

Primary studies on spray droplet distribution and control effects of aerial spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) against the corn borer

2012年8月在河南省夏玉米生长中后期,利用Af-811小型无人机喷洒毒死蜱不同剂型开展了玉米螟防治试验。结果表明:(1)在试验设定的3个飞行高度中,喷雾高度2.5m时10%毒死蜱超低容量液剂的防治效果最好,达到80.7%;此时,农药雾滴在玉米雌穗部位达到15.6个/cm2。(2)无人机喷洒10%毒死蜱超低容量液剂对玉米螟的防治效果为80.7%,而42%毒死蜱乳油对水稀释药液的防效只有69.1%,而当往42%毒死蜱乳油药液中添加雾滴蒸发抑制剂后,防效增加到75.8%。本次试验中,小型无人机的飞行速度为5m/s,流量为1L/min,施药液量为0.42L/667m2,处理667m2需要25s,与地面自走式高杆喷雾机相比,省工、省时、省水,但从防效分析,无人机的喷雾技术还需要进一步优化。

Field trials of application of UAV spraying against corn borer were carried out in Henan Province in August 2012. The results showed that the control effect of UAV spraying was 80.7% when 10% chlorpyrifos UL was applied 2.5 m above maize canopy. For the three treatments of UAV sprayings, namely 1 m, 2.5 m and 5 m above maize canopy, respectively, spraying 2.5 m above maize canopy gave the highest control effect against corn borer. For this treatment, the droplet deposition density was 15.6/cm2 on corn ear. Application of different pes- ticide formulations using UAV could get different control effects. When spraying 10% chlorpyrifos UL, the field efficacy was 80.7%. However, the control effect was only 69.1% when spraying 42% chlorpyrifos EC 3.2-times dilution. The effect could be increased to 75.8% by adding adjuvant into 42% chlorpyrifos EC formulation. The UAV flight speed was 5m/s and the spray volume was 0.42L per 667 m2. It took only 25s to treat 667 m2 of maize field. It indicated that UAV spraying could be labor-, time- and water-savine.