高速客车悬挂系统静挠度分配对运行平稳性的影响

Effect of Distributions of Static Suspension Deflection on Ride Comfort of High-Speed Passenger Cars

为提高高速客车乘坐的舒适性,以悬挂系统静挠度为研究对象,讨论了二系和一系悬挂静挠度比与总静挠度的关系.根据振动理论及多体系统动力学原理,研究了不同静挠度比下二自由度车轮荷重系统受迫振动的特点,建立了高速客车分析模型,分析了不同速度下一系和二系静挠度分配对高速车辆运行平稳性的影响.研究结果表明:对于车轮荷重系统,在低于4 Hz的频段中,车体加速度随挠度比的增大而减小,在高于4 Hz的频段,挠度比为1.0和2.0时,车体加速度较小;随着静挠度比增大,构架振动加剧,车体横向平稳性略有降低,频率在2～10 Hz之间车体垂向振动明显变大,静挠度比为0.5和8.0时的垂向平稳性指标比静挠度比为2.0时的计算结果分别高出1.5%和6.0%.

In order to improve the ride comfort of high-speed passenger cars, a study was made on the static deflection of suspension system, and the relationship between the total static deflection and the static deflection ratio of the secondary to primary suspension was discussed. According to the vibration theory and the principle of multi-body system dynamics, the forced oscillation characteristics of 2-DOF wheel load system were studied for different static deflection ratios, and a high-speed vehicle model was established to investigate the influence of static deflection distributions on ride quality at various speeds. The results show that as the deflection ratio of the wheel load system increases, the carbody acceleration reduces when the vertical vibration frequency of the carbody is within 4 Hz, but it is comparatively small for deflection ratios of 1.0 and 2.0 when the vibration frequency is above 4 Hz. By increasing the deflection ratio, bogie vibrates more violently, the carbody lateral stability worsens slightly, and the vertical vibration accelerations within the frequency range from 2 to 10 Hz become larger significantly. The vertical ride comfort index values of static deflection ratios 0.5 and 8.0 are 1.5% and 6.0% higher than that of static deflection ratio 2. 0.