新型交叉式静音钢轨的理论与试验研究

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Investigation on Cross-Legged Silent Rail

为降低轮轨噪音,提出了一种新型交叉式静音钢轨.与传统的静音钢轨不同,其在钢轨和阻尼层之间增加了一层扩展层,且扩展层与约束层交错布置.采用有限元法对该结构进行了优化设计,根据优化结果(扩展层宜用厚1 mm的铝材,阻尼层宜用IPN型阻尼材料,约束层宜用厚2 mm的钢材)制作实物并进行了试验测试.测试结果表明:在垂向和横向激励下,该交叉式静音钢轨振动持续的时间仅为标准钢轨的1/5,噪声声辐射声压级分别比标准钢轨降低10.4和13.2 dB.

In order to reduce wheel-rail noises, a cross-legged silent rail was designed. Unlike the traditional silent rail, an extension layer is added between rail and the damping layer, moreover, the extension layer and the constraining layer are interlaced mutually. The structure was optimized using the finite element method. Based on the optimized results that aluminum material with a thickness of 1 mm should be taken as the expansion layer, IPN damping material as the damping layer and 2 mm thick steel as the constraining layer, a prototype of the cross-legged silent rail was made and tested in laboratory. The tested results show that vibration duration time of the cross-legged silent rail is only 1/5 of the standard rail, and compared with the standard rail, its radiation sound pressure level decreases by 10.4 and 13.2 dB respectively at vertical excitation and lateral excitation.