腰果酚基环碳酸酯及其季铵盐衍生物的合成与表面活性研究

Synthesis and Surface Active Properties of Cardanol-based Cyclic Carbonate and Its Quaternary Ammonium Salt Derivatives

以腰果酚环氧化物与CO2反应合成了新型腰果酚环碳酸酯及3种含氨基甲酸酯链段的季铵盐衍生物,并采用IR、1H NMR及13C NMR等方法表征了腰果酚环碳酸酯及其季铵盐衍生物的化学结构。研究了此类季铵盐衍生物的表面张力、乳化力、泡沫性能等,测定了产物的临界胶束浓度(CMC)及其饱和吸附量(Γmax)、最小分子截面积(Amin)。实验结果表明,3种季铵盐衍生物水溶液的临界胶束浓度分别为8.55、6.97、11.93 mg/L,相应临界胶束浓度下的表面张力分别为26.67、25.32、38.92 mN/m,Γmax分别为0.384、0.345、0.217 mol/m2,Amin分别为4.3×10-6、4.81×10-6、7.65×10-6nm2。产物乳化性能、起泡能力较强,泡沫稳定性好。

Three carbamate group-containing quaternary ammonium salt derivatives were synthesized from the novel biomass cardanol-based cyclic carbonate （C-CC） which was prepared by reaction of carbon dioxide with cardanol-based epoxides （C-E）. The chemical structures of the novel cardanol-based cyclic carbonate, cardanol-based carbamate （C-Ca） and its quaternary ammonium salt derivatives （C-QAS） were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13^C NMR. Surface tension, emulsifying ability and the foaming power of the quaternary ammonium salt derivatives were investigated. The critical micelle concentration （CMC） , the surface excess concentration （Fmax ） and the minimum surface area at the interface occupied by each molecule （Amin ） were determined. The results showed that the critical micelle concentrations （CMC） of the three quaternary ammonium salt derivatives aqueous solutions were 8.55, 6.97 and 11.93 rag/L, respectively ; the surface tensions of the three aqueous solutions at CMC were 26.67, 25.32 and 38.92 mN/m, respectively; the F of the three C-QAS were 0. 384, 0. 345 and 0. 217 mol/m^2, respectively; the Amin of the three C-QAS were 4.3× 10^-6, 4.81 × 10^-6 and 7.65 × 10^-6 nm^2, respectively; and the products with strong emulsifying ability, foaming ability and superior foaming stability.