青海藏族中学生艾滋病防治相关知识知晓率调查

The awareness of AIDS related preventive knowledge of Zang nationality students at Middle School in Qinghai

目的了解青海省藏族中学生对艾滋病防治知识的认知情况,为少数民族地区开展艾滋病防治知识教育提供科学依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法抽取民族初高中学校各2所,共发放调查问卷388份。结果艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为49.4%,男女间艾滋病知识得分无统计学意义(P=0.076)。有89.0%的初中生和97.9%的高中生听说过艾滋病。知道婚外性行为、公用剃须刀、母婴途径传染艾滋病的初中生认知率分别为38.0%、15.0%、51.0%,高中生认知率分别为60.6%、18.1%、59.6%。知道蚊虫叮咬、共餐、正常交往不会传染艾滋病的初中生的认知率分别为20.0%、26.0%、34.0%,高中生的认知率分别为71.3%、33.0%、26.6%。低年龄组艾滋病防治知识知晓率明显低于高年龄组(P<0.05)。结论该地区藏族中学生总体艾滋病防治知识的知晓率较低;在传播途径及对待艾滋病患者/感染者的态度方面存在一定的认识误区,应在初高中阶段加强有关艾滋病防治知识的宣传和教育。

Objective To provide base for AIDS related health education among the minority areas by understanding the awareness condition of AIDS related preventive knowledge of Zang nationality students at middle school in Qinghai. Methods Issuing investigative questionnaire 388 copies in two different primary and high schools through randomized cluster sampling method. Results The overall awareness rate of AIDS related preventive knowledge is 49.4 %. Knowledge score had no significant between girls and boys（P=0.076）. 89.0 % primary school students and 97.9 % high school students had ever heard of AIDS. Of the primary school students, 38.0 %,15.0 % and 51.0 % knew that extramarital sex, sharing razor and mother-to-child can contact with HIV, while of high school students was 60.6 %, 18.1%,59.6 % respectively. The cognitive rate on the questions that dinner together, normally communication, mosquito bites cannot spread HIV was 20.0 %,26.0 %,34.0 % for primary school students and 71.3 %,33.0 %,26.6 % for high school students. The low age group have apparently lower rate of cognitive rate of AIDS related preventive knowledge than high age group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The awareness rate of HIV/HIDS related knowledge is low and there is certain confusion on the way of transmission and the attitude toward HIV/AIDS. It is necessary to reinforce the propaganda and education of AIDS related preventive knowledge during the junior and high school stages.