难熔金属表面高温抗氧化涂层技术现状

Overview of High Temperature Oxidation ResistanceCoatings on Refractory Metals

概述了国内外难熔金属表面高温抗氧化涂层的研制现状。涂层主要分为5大体系,其中硅化物涂层是应用最为广泛的涂层体系,高温氧化环境下硅化物能够生成玻璃态SiO2,有效阻挡氧向内部扩散,起到防护作用。贵金属体系是抗氧化性能更为优越的材料体系,其中Re/Ir是目前性能最高的高温抗氧化材料,Ir涂层的致密性及厚度是决定其抗氧化寿命的主要因素。国内目前已形成自1 200℃至2 000℃应用的一代铌铪合金涂覆硅化物涂层、二代铌钨合金涂覆硅化物涂层、三代铼基材涂覆铱涂层共三代材料体系,其中一代广泛应用于卫星、飞船等多种型号产品,二代应用于卫星并于2012年5月首飞成功。目前国内致力于Re/Ir材料体系的工程化应用研究,已进行短喷管试车,试车温度高达2 090℃,累计时间300 s,涂层未失效。

The overview is about the development and trend of high temperature oxidation resistance coatings on refracto- ry metals. Silicide coatings on Nb alloy have been using widely, as glass phase SiC2 is formed at high temperature oxida- tion environment. Re/It is considered as best material of high temperature oxidation resistance, and the life of Ir coating is affected by thickness and compactness. In China, three generations materials used for 1 200 -2 000 ~C have been devel- oped, including 1 st generation NbHf alloy using silieide coating, 2nd generation NbW alloy using silieide coating and 3rd generation Re using Ir coating. The 1 st and 2st have been used to satellite and airships. Now engineering application study of the Re/Irmaterial is proceeding. Short nozzle of Re/Ir has been tested, and the temperature of combustion chamber wall reached 2 090℃ , for 300 s without failure.