不锈钢焊接烟尘中Cr(Ⅵ)及环保型焊材的研究进展

Progress on Stainless Steel Welding of Hexavalent Chromium and Environmental Friendly Welding Consumables

不锈钢焊材药芯所产生的烟尘中含有毒性很大的Cr(Ⅵ),为了保证焊接人员的健康,必须将Cr(Ⅵ)降低到3μg/m3标准以下。综述了国内外不锈钢焊接烟尘中低Cr(Ⅵ)及环境友好型不锈钢焊材的最新研究进展,研究表明:降低奥氏体不锈钢焊材中Na和K含量,降低焊接热输入和选择最佳的工艺参数;在保护气体中添加30%四乙基硅烷(TEOS),均可降低不锈钢焊接烟尘中Cr(Ⅵ)含量。另外,用氮或锰代替镍的节镍型奥氏体不锈钢焊材,不仅具有稳定单一的奥氏体组织,而且熔敷金属抗拉强度提高了约150 MPa,-40℃下,V型冲击吸收功提高30 J以上。

The welding fume generated by stainless steel welding consumables contains toxic Cr （ VI） , in order to guar- antee the health of welding personnel, the Cr （ VI ） must be reduced to 3μg/m3 standard. The paper reviews the latest worldwide research progress on environment-friendly anstenitie stainless steel welding consumables and its welding fumes Cr（VI） in recent years. Reducing the Na and K content of the austenitic stainless steel welding consumables, using elec- trode covering without containing Na and K composition, applying low welding heat input and appropriate technology pa- rameters, adding 30% tetraethyloxysilane（TEOS） in the protection gas, all of these can reduce the stainless steel welding fume Cr（ VI ）content. In addition, containing nitrogen or manganese instead of nickel, austenite stainless steel welding consumables not only have the stable single austenite structure, but also its tensile strength increases by about 150 MPa, and bellow -40℃, V type shock absorption power increases over 30 J.