氮磷钾配施对白果产量和品质的影响

Effects of N, P, K combinations fertilization on yield and quality of Ginkgo nuts

为了探讨N、P、K配比施肥对白果产量和品质的影响,筛选有利于白果产量提高和品质改善的配比,为核用园银杏的高产优质提供理论依据。通过连续2 a的处理,研究了不同肥料配比对白果产量和品质的影响。主要结果如下:(1)适当的N、P、K配比施肥可不同程度地提高白果产量、种实和种核大小、种仁中内含物含量,且大体表现为P或K有利于营养成分和药用成分的合成和积累,而N则有利于产量的提高。(2)银杏树的长果肥以G处理较优,能较好地提高白果的经济性状,又能较好地改善种仁品质,其配比以年株施用尿素2 kg、过磷酸钙2 kg、氯化钾1.6 kg,其单株种核产量、单核质量、淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、总黄酮含量和萜内酯含量分别比对照增加了102.36%、10.23%、6.28%、64.27%、67.10%、25.76%和20.38%,即每公顷每年配施尿素555.5kg、过磷酸钙555.5kg、氯化钾444.5 kg,在生产中值得大力推广。

The experiments were conducted for 2 continuous years to study the effects of N, P, K fertilization combinations on yield and quality of Ginkgo nuts and to screen out fertilization combinations and to raise the production and improve the quality, thus providing a theoretical foundation for high yield and quality. The results show that appropriate N, P, K combinations fertilization could raise in varying degrees Ginkgo nut yield, size, inclusions contents in Ginkgo kernel. That shows that P or K helped to synthesize and accumulate nutritional and medicine ingredients and N helped to raise Ginkgo nut yield. G treatment with urea 2 kg, calcium superphosphate 2 kg, potassium chlorate 1.6 kg could well improve Ginkgo nuts economic characters and kernel quality. The nut yield per tree, single nut mass, the contents of starch, crude protein, soluble sugar, total flavonoids, terpene lactone of G treatment increased by102.36%, 10.23%, 6.28%, 64.27%, 67.10%, 25.76% and 20.38%, respectively in comparison with the CK, so that the treatment could be popularized vigorously. That is to say, fertilizing urea 555.5kg, calcium superphosphate 555.5 kg, potassium chlorate 444.5 kg into a hectare in a year could well improve Ginkgo nuts economic characters and kernel quality.