2010年青岛市农村地区中老年人群听力减退情况调查

Survey on Hearing Impairment Among Senior People in the Rural Areas of Qingdao City,2010

[目的]了解青岛市农村地区中老年人群听力减退情况,为制定防治策略提供科学依据。[方法]2010年,在青岛市黄岛区、胶南市、即墨市抽取2 137名50～74岁农村人群,采用MADSEN ITERA型听力计检测两耳1、2、4kHz听阈。[结果]调查2 137人,按较好耳计算,1 081人听力减退,减退率为50.60%,标化率为48.40%,轻度、中度、重度、极重度听力减退检出率分别为37.90%、10.90%、1.50%、0.30%。听力减退检出率,男性为68.50%,女性为37.50%(P<0.01);50～54岁为31.60%,55～59岁为40.50%,60～64岁为51.30%,65～69岁为69.90%,70～74岁为82.00%(P<0.01);文盲为47.69%,小学文化为54.11%,初中文化为49.62%,高中及以上文化为43.65%(P<0.05);吸烟者为63.10%,不吸烟的为45.60%(P<0.01);饮酒者为67.30%,不饮酒者为46.20%(P<0.01);有随着经济收入的升高而降低的趋势(P<0.01)。[结论]青岛市农村地区中老年人听力减退患病率较高,男性高于女性。

[Objective]To investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment among senior people in the Qingdao rural population, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the hearing impairment. [Methods]In 2010,2 137 residents aged between 50 and 74 years were randomly selected in rural areas（Huangdao,Jiaonan,Jimo） of Qingdao. All of them were tested with binaural hearing, respectively atlkHz,2 kHz and 4 kHz. f-Results]In terms of the better ear, 1 081 residents out of 2 137 senior people suffered from hearing impairment. The prevalence of hearing impairment was 50.60 % （the standardized rate： 48.40% in Qingdao city）, Degrees of hearing impairment were mild in 37.90%, moderate in 10.90% ,severe in 1.50 %0 and profound in 0.30% for hearing-impaired persons, respectively. Among them, males were 68.50% ,females were 37.50%（ P 〈0.01） ;the age groups of hearing impairment were that 50-54 years ）was 31.60%, 55-59 years 40.50% ,60-64 years 51.30% ,65-69 years 69.90% ,70-74 years 82.00% （ P 〈0.01） ; illiteracy（47.69%）, primary school education（54.11%）,junior middle school education （49.62%）, high school and above culture（43.65%） （ P 〈0. 05）;smokers（63.10%）, non-smokers （45.60%）（ P 〈.01）;drinkers（67.30%）,nondrinkers（46.20%）（ P 〈0.01） ; as incomes increase, the prevalence of hearing impairment was gradually reducing （ P 〈 0.01）. [Conclusion] The prevalence rate of hearing impairment in Qingdao rural areas is high,males higher than females.