合格青年献血者常见病毒感染情况的调查分析

Study of common viral infection among qualified youth blood donors

目的了解合格献血者巨细胞病毒、EB病毒、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒和流行性腮腺炎病毒感染状况,进一步提高血液供给安全。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测215例合格献血者血液中上述病毒IgM抗体。结果巨细胞病毒IgM阳性率为1.86%(4/215),EB病毒IgM阳性率为0.47%(1/215),风疹病毒IgM阳性率为0.93%(2/215),麻疹病毒IgM阳性率为1.40%(3/215),单纯疱疹病毒IgM阳性率为1.40%(3/215),水痘-带状疱疹病毒IgM阳性率为1.86%(4/215),流行性腮腺炎病毒IgM阳性率为2.33%(5/215)。结论合格无偿献血者中存在巨细胞病毒、EB病毒、风疹病毒、麻疹病毒、单纯疱疹病毒、水痘-带状疱疹病毒、流行性腮腺炎病毒感染风险,对于特殊人群所用血液有必要使用去除白细胞滤器、病毒灭活和辐照等手段,进一步提高临床输血安全。

Objective To explore the infections of cytomegalovirus （CMV） ,epstein-barr virus （EBV） ,rubella virus （RV） ,mea-sles virus （MV）, herpes simpiex virus （HSV）, varicella-Zoster virus （VZV） and mumps virus （Mumps） among qualified blood do-nors so as to increase the safety of the blood supply. Methods The above virus antibody-IgM were detected by ELISA in total 215 qualified youth blood donors. Results The positive rates of CMV-IgM, EBV-IgM, RV-IgM, MV-IgM, HSV-IgM, VZV-IgM and Mumps-IgMwere respectivelyl. 86% （4/215）,0.47% （1/215）,0.93% （2/215）,1.40% （3/215）,1.40% （3/215）,1.86% （4/ 215）, 2.33 % （5/215）. Conclusion This study shows qualified blood door had the risk of the above virus infection. For some special recipients,it is necessary of leukocyte reduction,virus inactivation and irradiation to improve the transfusion safety.