吉林省西部新增盐碱水田排水污染物负荷特征研究

Studies on Characteristics of Pollutants in the Drain of the New Paddy Field of Kaline Soil in the West Area of Jilin Province

吉林省西部地区实施土地整理和引水工程后累计新增水田2.7×105hm2,盐碱地改水田后,以TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)和盐类物质为输出特征污染物的水田退水污染问题凸显。2010年对位于吉林省西部镇赉县的典型试验水田采用田间试验研究方法,分析了水田排水中TN、TP和总盐量年净输出强度特征,估算了年净输出负荷,并研究了盐碱水田收割后土壤中盐碱离子含量动态特征。结果表明:田间排水中TN、TP和总盐量的年净输出强度为4.7 kg/hm2,0.29 kg/hm2和3 159.7 kg/hm2;年净输出负荷为:1.269×105kg/hm2、0.783×104kg/hm2和8.531×107kg/hm2;盐碱水田退水中以巨量盐类物质净输出为特征。

Total of 2.7 x 10^5 hm2 of paddy fields had been converted after the implementations of the land arrangement and water-diversion projects in the west areas of Jilin Province. The severe drainage pollution featuring with the typical output pollutants such as TN, TP and T-S （Total Salts） has been exposed during the process of conversion of kaline soil into paddy fields. Based on continuous sampling and observation of drainage and soil of the typical pilot paddy fields in the area of Zhenlai County in 2010, the output concentration of TN, TP and T-S （Total Salts） and the net output load has been analyzed and estimated, respectively. The features of ions contents in paddy fields have been researched after the rice harvest and the research resuits were as follows： The concentrations of annual drainage in TN, TP and T-S （Total Salts） were 4.7 kg/hm2, 0.29 kg/hm2 and 3159.7 kg/hmz, respectively; the annual net output loads were 1.269 x 10^5 kg/hm2, 0.783 x 10^4 kg/hmz and 8.531 x 107 kg/hm2. The major net output in drainage was large quantity of salt substance.