基于维度转换的异同判断加工机制探讨

On Mechanism of the Same-Different Judgment Based on Dimension Switch

异同判断的加工机制一直存在着单过程加工和双过程加工的争论,研究通过考察前后试次比较刺激的差异维度(颜色和形状)重复和转变条件下的异、同反应的变化,探究了异同判断的加工机制.结果表明:①单维度差异或双维度差异的异反应后的同反应之间表现出了显著的差异;②双维度差异的异反应显著快于单维度差异的异反应,同时,由色异或形异转换而来的双维度差异的异反应之间没有显著差异.认为异同判断存在多维度平行的单过程加工机制.

Same-different judgment refers to a task in which the participants need to decide whether two stimuli is different or not according to a special rule, with the stimuli being presented simultaneously or successively. A ＂fast-same effect＂ has been found in the previous studies. Some researchers explained it with the single-process model while others adopted the dual-process model. This divergence needs more re-search to answer it. Moreover, if the single-process model is proved, another question arises, as several dimensions are included in the comparing process, their process model is serial or parallel, which has to be answered. All above indicates that further research must to be done to announce the mechanism of the same-different judgment. The literature manipulated the dimensions （color and shape） of the compared stimuli, each of which had five features. According to the congruency of the dimensions those stimuli belong to, we have classi- fied them into four types, as follows： （1） same color and same shape, （conjunctive-match）; （2） same col- or and different shape, （shape-mismatch） ; （3） different color and same shape, （color-mismatch） ; （4） dif-ferent color and different shape, （conjunctive-mismatch）. We have investigated subjects＇ responses to the compared stimuli under the repeat and change of the mismatch dimensions in order to indicate the internal mechanism of the same-different judgment. The results show that： （1） the ＂same＂ reactions to the conjunctive-match stimuli show difference, when after various ＂different＂ reaction to those whose single dimension or double dimensions are different, which is against the dual-process model. （2） the ＂different＂ reactions to the conjunctive-mismatch stimuli are significantly faster than those to the stimuli whose single dimension is mismatched, which is against the serial process model; At the same time, （3） the ＂different＂ reactions under the condition of conversion from color-mismatch to the conjunctive-mismatch and under the condition of conversion from shape-mis- match made no significant difference, which holds out the parallel process mechanism of the related multi-dimension. All results above are sustainable with that, a mechanism of the same-different judgment is that, multi-dimension are processed parallel in a single process, when the stimuli are presented simultaneously.