极度濒危植物毛果木莲的种子检测及育苗技术研究

Seed Detection and Seedling Nursery Technology for Endangered Plant Trichocarpa Manglietia

毛果木莲是受国家Ⅱ级重点保护的极度濒危植物,仅分布于云南河口及屏边的狭小区域,目前仅发现10株结果的单株。对10株结果单株进行分株采种,开展种子质量检测和种子育苗技术研究。结果表明,①毛果木莲平均每株结果 192个,每个球果有种子87粒,球果径38.6 mm,球果长80.51 mm,球果重49.54 g,心皮数74个,种子长6.45 mm,种子宽4.96 mm,种子厚3.02 mm,单粒种子重0.045 g;②相关性分析表明,毛果木莲的球果重量、种子重量的变异系数均大于0.05,表明这10株毛果木莲的球果重量、种子重量差异不显著;③苗木生长健壮,1 a生苗高达37.9 cm,地径达0.42 cm,苗木生长旺季为7～9月;④相关性分析结果,苗高、地径生长与种子质量成正相关,要培植生长健壮的苗木必须选用大粒的种子。

Trichocarpa Manglietia is a critically distributed in a narrow area between Hekou and endangered plant ranked state protection level II, only ngbian of Yunnan province. So far only 10 fruiting single plants were found. Through research on seed detection and seedling nursery technology, results showed that： （1） per plant of Trichocarpa Manglietia fruited192 cones on average, each cone contented 87 seeds, diameter of cone was 38.6 mm, length was 80.51 mm, weight was 49.54 g, carpel number was 74, seed length was 6.45 mm, seed width was 4.96 mm, the seed thickness was 3.02 mm, single seed weight was 0. 045g; （2） correlation analysis showed that variable coefficients of Trichocarpa Manglietia cones weight and seed weight were greater than 0.05, indicating that the difference of cones weight and seed weight of 10 Trichocarpa Manglietia plants was not significant; （ 3 ） seedling growth was robust, which the height of 1 a seedling was up to 37.9 cm, ground diameter of 0.42 cm, best seedling growth season was from July to September; （4） correlation analysis showed that height, ground diameter and seeds quality were positively correlated, so large grain seeds must be selected to cultivate vigorous seedlings.