法国小麦种质及其突变体农艺性状表现

Agronomic Characters' Performance of Wheat Germplasms Introduced from France and Their Mutants

将法国小麦材料在山东济南环境下与当地品种进行比较,结果显示,引进种质具有穗长、小穗数多、分蘖成穗多等有利性状;穗粒数表现突出,但基因型间差异较大;同时也表现出红色籽粒、植株偏高的不利特点。法国小麦种质较当地推广品种抽穗期延后8～11天,灌浆后期高温逼熟,导致粒重降低,不经改造很难直接利用。经过诱变处理选出的法国小麦种质早熟突变体生育期明显缩短,有的抽穗期已经接近当地品种,同时也选育得到白粒突变体;试验中突变体有效分蘖数多于当地品种,穗长和小穗数也优于当地品种;多数突变体株高虽得到降低,但生产中直接利用仍有难度,只能作为"中间体"为育种利用。

The wheat germplasms introduced from France were compared with several cultivars from Shandong and Hebei in agronomic characters through cultivated in Jinan. The results showed that the intro- duced germplasms had longer spikes, more spikelets per spike, more spikes per plant as advantages, but high- er plant and red grain as disadvantages. The grains per spike of introduced germplasms were even more, though they varied in a wide range between genotypes. The heading period of France wheat germplasms was 8 ~ 10 days later than that of the local cuhivars ; high temperature at the late filling stage also caused their grain weight loss. So it was very difficult to utilize the introduced wheat germplasms directly in Shandong, unless they were improved. After the induced mutation treatment, the growing periods of the mutants were significant- ly shorter than those of the introduced germplasms, and some were very close to that of local euhivars. The mutants with white grains were also selected. Compared to the local cultivars, the mutants had more effective filler numbers, longer spikes and more spikelets per spike. Though the plant height of most mutants was low- ered, it was still difficult to utilize them directly, and they only could be used as intermediary for wheat breed- ing.