鲁棉研28号丰产稳产的生理生化特性研究

Study on Physiological Characteristics of SCRC 28 with High and Stable Yielding Capacity

在大田条件下,比较了鲁棉研28号与对照鲁棉研21号和鲁棉研22号间的生育特点,并分别于盛蕾期、盛铃期和吐絮期取样测定了叶绿素相对含量(SPAD值)、光合速率(Pn)、SOD活性、POD活性及MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖、相关激素(IAA、ABA、ZR、GA3)含量,探讨鲁棉研28号丰产稳产的生理生化基础。结果表明,三个品种的叶片衰老进程存在着明显差异,与鲁棉研21号相比,鲁棉研22号生育后期功能叶片的POD活性低,ABA含量低,光合速率下降缓慢,IAA、叶绿素相对含量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量高,叶片功能期长,而鲁棉研28号各项指标基本介于前两者之间,这些特点为其丰产、稳产、广适奠定了生理生化基础。生产实践中,适当控制或延缓棉花叶片的衰老进程,使棉花早熟而不早衰,对提高棉花产量有十分重要的作用。

A field experiment was conducted in the Experimental Station of Shandong Cotton Research Center in 2008 to investigate the development characters and physiological indexes of SCRC 21, SCRC 22 and SCRC 28. The relative chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, photosynthesis rate （Pn）, SOD and POD activi- ties, and contents of MDA, proline, soluble sugar and related hormones （ IAA, ABA, ZR and GA3 ） were de- tected in the leaf samples collected at the stages of full bud, full boll and boll opening. The results showed that there were obvious differences in leaf senescence progress between the three cultivars. Compared to the control of SCRC 21, the POD activity and ABA content of SCRC 22 were lower, but the content of IAA, chlo- rophyll, proline and soluble sugar were higher; the Pn declined slowly, and the leaf function period was lon- ger. All the indexes of SCRC 28 ranged between those of the two check cuhivars, which laid foundation for its high and stable yield, wide adaptability. In conclusion, controlling appropriately or slowing the process of leaf senescence was very important for increasing cotton yield.