不同脱胶方法对蚕丝性能的影响分析

An Analysis on the Influence of Different Degumming Methods on Silk Properties

采用碳酸钠、中性皂、酒石酸、2709碱性蛋白酶和高温高压水脱胶法对蚕丝分别进行脱胶处理,对比分析了不同方法处理后蚕丝的脱胶率、力学性能、白度、红外光谱曲线以及染色性能。结果表明:蚕丝经不同脱胶方法脱胶一次后,丝胶蛋白即可基本去除,脱胶率保持在23%-24%;蚕丝的断裂强度、断裂伸长率、断裂功经不同脱胶方法脱胶后均有一定程度的下降,高温高压水脱胶对蚕丝的力学性能影响最大;不同脱胶方法后蚕丝白度均有不同程度的改善,酶脱胶后的蚕丝白度提高最多;红外光谱曲线显示,各脱胶方法对蚕丝主体结构不会产生较大影响;染色性能方面,在用醋酸调节的弱酸性条件下,脱胶蚕丝得色较深,且经酒石酸脱胶后蚕丝纱线的染料上染率明显优于其他脱胶方法。

Silk fibers are degummed by sodium carbonate, neutral soap, tartaric acid, 2709 alkaline protease and hot pressurized water method, respectively. The rate of degumming loss, mechanical property, whiteness, infrared spectrum curve and dyeing performance of silk fibers after being degummed are comparatively analyzed. The results show that the rate of degumming loss ean all reach 23%-24% for one time no matter by which degumming methods; the breaking strength, breaking elongation and fracture of silk will all decline after degummed, while the hot pressurized water degumming method has large influence on them; whiteness of silk will be improved varies as the degumming methods, while reaches the highest after silk degummed by the 2709 alkaline protcase method. The resuhs from infrared spectrum curve suggest that all the degurnming methods will not affect the main structure of silk. Meanwhile, it is found that color yield can get higher when degummed silk are dyed in weak acidity condition with acetie acid existing; and after silk degummed by tartaric acid method, dye-uptake rate is obviously higher than that by other methods.