贵州省岩溶石漠化地区生态服务价值损失评估

Assessment of the eco-service value loss in Guizhou karst rocky deserts

构建了适合岩溶石漠化地区的生态价值损失评估指标体系,基于遥感资料、典型样点调查数据及社会公共数据,采用将物质量转化为价值量的方法,估算和评价了贵州省石漠化地区的有机质生产、固碳释氧、水土保持、营养物质积累、生物多样性保育及景观游憩6项核心生态价值的损失。结果表明:(1)不同石漠化等级单位价值量分别为潜在12 483.88元/(hm2.a)、轻度7 425.97元/(hm2.a)、中度6557.83元/(hm2.a)、重度4 414.06元/(hm2.a)、极重度3 755.07元/(hm2.a)。(2)贵州省岩溶石漠化地区生态系统服务的总价值损失量为210.85亿元/a,其中潜在、轻度、中度、重度、极重度的损失量分别为8.72亿元/a,59.43亿元/a,101.15亿元/a,47.89亿元/a和5.66亿元/a。(3)空间分布上,各州市生态价值损失量变幅在12.92～56.57亿元/a之间,生态价值损失量大小依次为毕节地区>黔南州>遵义市>黔西南州>安顺市>铜仁地区>六盘水市>黔东南州。

Index system suitable for assessment of the eco-service value loss in karst rocky deserts is set up in the paper. Six items of key eco-value loss in Guizhou karst rocky deserts, involving organic matter produc- tion, carbon fixation and oxygen release effect, conservation of water and soil, nutrient substance accumula- tion and biodiversity protection as well as recreation, are assessed and estimated based on data from the RS, the survey at typical samples and the public records by means of rendering the amount of material into the magnitude of value. The results show that （1）the average value of per unit in different degrees of desertifica- tion as that the potential one by 12 483.88 Yuan/（hm2·a）, the slight one by 7 425.97 Yuan/（hm2·a）, the middle one by 6 557.83 Yuan/（hm2· a）, the serious one by 4 414.06 Yuan/（hm2· a） and the extremely se- rious one by 3 755.07 Yuan/（hm2 · a） ; （2） the total eco-service value loss per year is 21. 085 billion Yuan/ a with the potential one by 0. 872 billion Yuan/a, the slight one by 5. 943 billion Yuan/a, the middle one by 10. 115 billion Yuan/a, the serious one by 4. 789 billion Yuan/a and the extremely serious one by 0. 566 bil- lion Yuan/a; （3） on spatial distribution, the eco-service value losses in all city range from 1. 292 to 5. 657 billion Yuan/a with the loss amount ordering as Bijie 〉 Qiannan 〉Zhunyi 〉 Southwestern Qianxinan An＇shun 〉 Tongren 〉 Lupanshui 〉 Qiandongnan.