近30年来湄洲湾海岸线变迁遥感监测与分析

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Analysis of Coastline Changes in the Meizhou Bay Since the Last 30 Years

以Landsat MSS,TM,ETM+影像为数据源,利用目视解译方法提取了1983年、1993年、2001年和2010年湄洲湾四期海岸线。利用基线法和面积法对湄洲湾的海岸线变迁情况进行了分析,并计算了反映岸线曲折度的岸线曲率。结果表明:近30a来湄洲湾海岸线整体一直处于向海增长态势,海岸线整体曲折度增大,海湾面积在减少,减少了70km2。海岸线长度整体处于增加态势,增加了2.99km,这主要由围填海养殖和港口建设引起。其中2001-2010年湄洲湾海岸线变迁最剧烈,向海增长最大距离为3 406m,陆地面积净增51.74km2,主要由外走马埭围垦、斗尾港区建设和养殖池塘的围填引起;1993-2001年变迁最缓和,向海增长最大距离为2 123m,陆地面积净增5.52km2,主要由养殖池塘围填引起;1983-2010年海岸线曲率分布中值在增大,得出整体曲折度在增大,主要原因是养殖池塘围填和港口建设。

Based on Landsat MSS, TM and ETM＋ images of the Meizhou Bay, the coastlines of four periods （1983, 1993, 2001 and 2010） were extracted by visual inter- pretation. By using Baseline method and Area method, the changes in the coastline of the Meizhou Bay were analyzed and the coastline curvature demonstrating its sinuosity was calculated. The results indicate that the coastline of the Meizhou Bay has been showing a growing trend towards the sea since the last 30 years. While the whole sinu- osity of the coastline is increasing, the gulf area is decreasing, with 70 km~ being de- creased. The entire length of the coastline tends to increase, with 2.99 km being elon- gated. This is mainly due to the reclamation farming and the harbor constructions. The coastline of the Meizhou Bay changed dramatically from 2001 to 2010, with its maximal elongation being 3 406 m toward the sea and a net increase of land area being 51. 74 km2 , mainly due to the inning of Zoumadai, the construction of Douwei Harbor and the reclamation of mariculture ponds. The mildest changes of the coastline occurred from 1993 to 2001, during which the maximal elongation of coastline was 2 123 m toward the sea and a net increase of land area was 55.2 km2. This is mainly caused by the reclama- tion of mariculture ponds. The medians of coastline curvature distribution increased from 1983 to 2010. As a result, the whole sinuosity of the coastline increased in this pe- riod. The reason for this is mainly due to the reclamation farming and harbor construction.