糖尿病的抗血小板治疗(综述)

Antiplatelet Therapy for Diabetes

目的:糖尿病是危及人类健康的全球性疾病。迄今为止,全球糖尿病患者已达2.4亿,预测到2025年可超过3.5亿。我国糖尿病发病率也呈逐年上升趋势,在过去的25年中,患病人数已经急剧上升了近8倍。我国已成为仅次于印度的第二位糖尿病大国。心脑血管疾病是糖尿病最常见的并发症和死因。由于糖尿病患者常具有多种动脉粥样硬化及血栓形成的危险因素,包括血脂异常、肥胖、高血压、高凝状态等,75%糖尿病患者最终的死亡原因是血栓性疾病,其中血小板激活在其中起关键作用。因此,抗血小板治疗在糖尿病患者中显得尤为重要。抗血小板药物主要包括:(1)血栓素A2抑制剂:阿司匹林;(2)磷酸二酯酶抑制剂:双嘧达莫(潘生丁)、西洛他唑(培达);(3)二磷酸腺苷受体阻滞剂:噻氯匹定(抵克力得)、氯吡格雷(波立维)。

Objective： Diabetes mellitus is a global disease threatens human health. So far the diabetes patients has reached 240 000 000, forecast that by 2025 more than 350 000 000 n China, the incidence of diabetes is increasing year by year, the past 25 years the number of sick has surged nearly 8 times. China has become the second diabetic country. Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication of diabetes and the cause of death, Patients with diabetes often have multiple risk factors for atherosclerosis and thrombosis, including dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, hypercoagulability, causes 75% of patients eventually died of thrombotic diseases, including platelet activation plays a key role. Therefore, antiplatelet therapy appears particularly important for diabetic patients. Antiplatelet drugs mainly include： （1） thromboxane A2 inhibitor： aspirin, （2） phosphodiesterase inhibitor： dipyridamole （Pan Shengding）, cilostazol （pletaal）, （3） adenosine receptor blocker： ticlopidine （Ticlid）, clopidogrel （Plavix）.